Rename: nlg → elp (Engram Language Protocol)
This commit is contained in:
Will Anderson
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// morphology-akk.el - Akkadian morphology for the NLG engine.
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// 𒀭𒂗𒍪 — Akkadian (akkadû), the language of Babylon and Assyria.
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//
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// Implements Old Babylonian Akkadian verb conjugation (G-stem / Grundstamm),
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// noun declension with mimation, and noun-phrase construction.
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//
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// Akkadian is the oldest attested Semitic language (ca. 2800–100 BCE).
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// It uses cuneiform script; we work in standard Latin transliteration
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// (Old Babylonian dialect — the classical prestige form).
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//
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// Language profile:
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// code=akk, name=Akkadian, morph_type=semitic, word_order=VSO/SOV,
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// script=cuneiform (transliterated), family=semitic/east-semitic
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//
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// Key grammatical facts:
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// - Semitic trilateral root system: words built from 3-consonant roots
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// by inserting vowel patterns (e.g. root p-r-s → iparras "he decides")
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// - Grammatical gender: masculine / feminine (no neuter)
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// - Cases: nominative (-um), accusative (-am), genitive (-im) — "mimation"
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// - Number: singular / plural (dual is vestigial in verbs)
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// - Verb stems: G (basic), D (intensive), Š (causative), N (passive);
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// this file implements G-stem throughout
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// - Two main tense/aspect systems:
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// Present-future (iparras pattern): action in progress or future
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// Perfect (iptaras pattern): completed action with present relevance
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// Stative (paris pattern): resultant state, often adjectival
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// - No definite or indefinite article; case endings convey
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// determination contextually
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// - Copula: bašû (to exist/be)
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//
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// Verb conjugation conventions:
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// person: "first" | "second" | "third"
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// gender: "m" | "f"
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// number: "singular" | "plural"
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// tense: "present" | "perfect" | "stative"
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//
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// Noun declension conventions:
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// gram_case: "nom" | "acc" | "gen"
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// number: "singular" | "plural"
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// gender: "m" | "f" (passed to akk_decline for gender-specific forms)
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//
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// Verbs covered (G-stem infinitive, transliterated):
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// "bašû" — to exist / be (copula)
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// "alāku" — to go
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// "amāru" — to see
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// "qabû" — to say
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// "epēšu" — to do / make
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//
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// Nouns covered with known mimation forms:
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// "šarrum" — king
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// "awīlum" — man / person
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// "bītum" — house
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// "ilum" — god
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//
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// Depends on: morphology.el (str_eq, str_len, str_slice, str_ends_with)
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// ── String helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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fn akk_str_ends(s: String, suf: String) -> Bool {
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return str_ends_with(s, suf)
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}
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fn akk_str_len(s: String) -> Int {
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return str_len(s)
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}
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fn akk_str_drop_last(s: String, n: Int) -> String {
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let len: Int = str_len(s)
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if n >= len {
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return ""
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}
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return str_slice(s, 0, len - n)
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}
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// ── Slot index ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// Maps person × number to a 0-based slot for table lookups.
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// Akkadian verb agreement does not distinguish gender in 1st person,
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// and the 2nd person often conflates masc/fem in some paradigms.
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// We use a 6-cell paradigm matching the most common OB presentation:
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//
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// 0 = 1sg (I)
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// 1 = 2sg (you sg)
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// 2 = 3sg m (he)
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// 3 = 3sg f (she)
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// 4 = 1pl (we)
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// 5 = 3pl (they)
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//
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// Note: 2pl is rare / vestigial in attested OB texts; omitted here.
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fn akk_slot(person: String, number: String) -> Int {
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if str_eq(person, "first") {
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if str_eq(number, "plural") { return 4 }
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return 0
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}
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if str_eq(person, "second") {
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return 1
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}
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// third
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if str_eq(number, "plural") { return 5 }
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return 2 // default: 3sg masc; caller may override with gender check below
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}
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// akk_slot_g: gender-aware slot for third person singular.
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// Returns 3 (3sg fem) when person=third, number=singular, gender=f.
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fn akk_slot_g(person: String, gender: String, number: String) -> Int {
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let base: Int = akk_slot(person, number)
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if str_eq(person, "third") {
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if str_eq(number, "singular") {
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if str_eq(gender, "f") { return 3 }
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}
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}
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return base
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}
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// ── Copula: bašû — to exist / be ──────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// bašû is suppletive and highly irregular.
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// Present: ibašši (3sg m/f), abašši (1sg), tabašši (2sg)
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// Stative: bašī (3sg m), bašiat (3sg f), bašāku (1sg)
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// Perfect: not commonly attested in G-stem; use present forms as fallback.
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fn akk_copula_present(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "abašši" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "tabašši" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "ibašši" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "ibašši" } // 3sg f (same form in attested OB)
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if slot == 4 { return "nibašši" } // 1pl
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return "ibaššū" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_copula_stative(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "bašāku" } // 1sg (stative 1sg: -āku suffix)
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if slot == 1 { return "bašāta" } // 2sg (-āta suffix)
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if slot == 2 { return "bašī" } // 3sg m (unmarked base)
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if slot == 3 { return "bašiat" } // 3sg f (-at suffix)
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if slot == 4 { return "bašānu" } // 1pl (-ānu suffix)
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return "bašū" // 3pl (-ū suffix)
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}
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fn akk_is_copula(verb: String) -> Bool {
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if str_eq(verb, "bašû") { return true }
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if str_eq(verb, "bashu") { return true }
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if str_eq(verb, "be") { return true }
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return false
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}
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fn akk_conjugate_copula(tense: String, slot: Int) -> String {
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_copula_stative(slot) }
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// present and perfect both fall back to present forms for bašû
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return akk_copula_present(slot)
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}
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// ── alāku — to go ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// Irregular: present stem is illak- (not the expected alakk-).
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// Present: illak (3sg), allak (1sg), tallak (2sg), nillak (1pl), illaku (3pl)
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// Perfect: ittalk- forms (less common, use illak- + perf marker)
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// Stative: use present as proxy
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fn akk_alaku_present(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "allak" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "tallak" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "illak" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "tallak" } // 3sg f (same as 2sg — OB pattern)
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if slot == 4 { return "nillak" } // 1pl
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return "illaku" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_alaku_perfect(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "ittalak" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "tattalak" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "ittalak" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "tattalak" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "nittalak" } // 1pl
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return "ittalku" // 3pl
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}
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// ── amāru — to see ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// Present (immar-): immar (3sg), ammar (1sg), tammar (2sg)
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// Perfect (imtamar-): imtamar (3sg), amtamar (1sg), tamtamar (2sg)
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fn akk_amaru_present(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "ammar" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "tammar" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "immar" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "tammar" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "nimmar" } // 1pl
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return "immaru" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_amaru_perfect(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "amtamar" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "tamtamar" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "imtamar" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "tamtamar" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "nimtamar" } // 1pl
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return "imtamaru" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_amaru_stative(slot: Int) -> String {
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// amāru stative: 3sg "amir" (the one who saw / he has seen)
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if slot == 0 { return "amrāku" }
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if slot == 1 { return "amrāta" }
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if slot == 2 { return "amir" }
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if slot == 3 { return "amrat" }
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if slot == 4 { return "amrānu" }
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return "amrū"
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}
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// ── qabû — to say / speak ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// Present: iqabbi (3sg), aqabbi (1sg), taqabbi (2sg)
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// Perfect: iqtabi (3sg), aqtabi (1sg), taqtabi (2sg)
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fn akk_qabu_present(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "aqabbi" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "taqabbi" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "iqabbi" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "taqabbi" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "niqabbi" } // 1pl
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return "iqabbû" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_qabu_perfect(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "aqtabi" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "taqtabi" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "iqtabi" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "taqtabi" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "niqtabi" } // 1pl
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return "iqtabû" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_qabu_stative(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "qabāku" }
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if slot == 1 { return "qabāta" }
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if slot == 2 { return "qabi" }
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if slot == 3 { return "qabiat" }
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if slot == 4 { return "qabānu" }
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return "qabû"
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}
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// ── epēšu — to do / make ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// Present (ieppuš / eppuš): ieppuš (3sg), eppuš (1sg), teppuš (2sg)
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// Perfect: iptešu forms
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fn akk_epesu_present(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "eppuš" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "teppuš" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "ieppuš" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "teppuš" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "neppuš" } // 1pl
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return "ieppušu" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_epesu_perfect(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "iptešu" } // 1sg (irregular: root ʿ-p-š)
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if slot == 1 { return "taptešu" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "iptešu" } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "taptešu" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "niptešu" } // 1pl
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return "iptešū" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_epesu_stative(slot: Int) -> String {
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if slot == 0 { return "epšāku" }
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if slot == 1 { return "epšāta" }
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if slot == 2 { return "epuš" }
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if slot == 3 { return "epšat" }
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if slot == 4 { return "epšānu" }
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return "epšū"
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}
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// ── Regular G-stem paradigms (iparras model) ──────────────────────────────────
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//
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// For regular verbs not in the irregular table, we apply the standard
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// OB G-stem paradigm using a caller-supplied present stem and perfect stem.
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// The stems must be pre-computed by the caller (or vocabulary layer).
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//
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// iparras (present) endings by slot:
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// 1sg: a- prefix
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// 2sg: ta- prefix
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// 3sg m: i- prefix
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// 3sg f: ta- prefix (same prefix as 2sg)
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// 1pl: ni- prefix
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// 3pl: i- prefix + -ū suffix
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//
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// For the generic fallback we use "iparras" as the model template.
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fn akk_regular_present(stem: String, slot: Int) -> String {
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// stem is the 3sg m form (i-prefix already present in conventional citation)
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// We rebuild from the bare root portion by stripping/adding prefixes.
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// Simplification: return prefixed forms using the provided present-3sg string.
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if slot == 0 { return "a" + stem } // 1sg: a + stem (strip i-, add a-)
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if slot == 1 { return "ta" + stem } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "i" + stem } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "ta" + stem } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "ni" + stem } // 1pl
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return "i" + stem + "u" // 3pl: i + stem + -ū
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}
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fn akk_regular_perfect(stem: String, slot: Int) -> String {
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// Perfect (iptaras) — uses infix -ta- after first root consonant.
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// stem here is the 3sg perfect form; we apply person endings.
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if slot == 0 { return "a" + stem } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return "ta" + stem } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return "i" + stem } // 3sg m
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if slot == 3 { return "ta" + stem } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return "ni" + stem } // 1pl
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return "i" + stem + "u" // 3pl
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}
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fn akk_regular_stative(stem: String, slot: Int) -> String {
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// Stative (paris): 3sg m has zero ending; others take person suffixes.
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if slot == 0 { return stem + "āku" } // 1sg
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if slot == 1 { return stem + "āta" } // 2sg
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if slot == 2 { return stem } // 3sg m: bare stem
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if slot == 3 { return stem + "at" } // 3sg f
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if slot == 4 { return stem + "ānu" } // 1pl
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return stem + "ū" // 3pl
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}
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// ── Known-verb dispatcher ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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fn akk_known_verb(verb: String, tense: String, slot: Int) -> String {
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// bašû — to be / exist
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if str_eq(verb, "bašû") {
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return akk_conjugate_copula(tense, slot)
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}
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if str_eq(verb, "bashu") {
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return akk_conjugate_copula(tense, slot)
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}
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// alāku — to go
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if str_eq(verb, "alāku") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_alaku_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_alaku_present(slot) }
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return akk_alaku_present(slot)
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}
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if str_eq(verb, "alaku") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_alaku_perfect(slot) }
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return akk_alaku_present(slot)
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}
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// amāru — to see
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if str_eq(verb, "amāru") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_amaru_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_amaru_stative(slot) }
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return akk_amaru_present(slot)
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}
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if str_eq(verb, "amaru") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_amaru_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_amaru_stative(slot) }
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return akk_amaru_present(slot)
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}
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// qabû — to say
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if str_eq(verb, "qabû") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_qabu_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_qabu_stative(slot) }
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return akk_qabu_present(slot)
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}
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if str_eq(verb, "qabu") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_qabu_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_qabu_stative(slot) }
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return akk_qabu_present(slot)
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}
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// epēšu — to do / make
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if str_eq(verb, "epēšu") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_epesu_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_epesu_stative(slot) }
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return akk_epesu_present(slot)
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}
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if str_eq(verb, "epesu") {
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if str_eq(tense, "perfect") { return akk_epesu_perfect(slot) }
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if str_eq(tense, "stative") { return akk_epesu_stative(slot) }
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return akk_epesu_present(slot)
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}
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return ""
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}
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// ── Main conjugation entry point ──────────────────────────────────────────────
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//
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// akk_conjugate: conjugate an Akkadian verb (G-stem).
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//
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// verb: G-stem infinitive (transliterated, e.g. "alāku", "amāru")
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// tense: "present" | "perfect" | "stative"
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// person: "first" | "second" | "third"
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// number: "singular" | "plural"
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//
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// Returns:
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// - Inflected form for known verbs
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// - verb unchanged as safe fallback for unknown verbs
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fn akk_conjugate(verb: String, tense: String, person: String, number: String) -> String {
|
||||
let slot: Int = akk_slot(person, number)
|
||||
|
||||
// Copula shortcut
|
||||
if akk_is_copula(verb) {
|
||||
return akk_conjugate_copula(tense, slot)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Known-verb table
|
||||
let known: String = akk_known_verb(verb, tense, slot)
|
||||
if !str_eq(known, "") {
|
||||
return known
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Unknown verb: safe fallback
|
||||
return verb
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ── Noun declension ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||||
//
|
||||
// akk_decline: decline an Akkadian noun for gram_case and number.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Mimation: OB nouns bear final -m in all case endings (mimation).
|
||||
// The base noun (dictionary form) is the nominative singular with mimation.
|
||||
// We strip the nominative -um ending (if present) to obtain the bare stem,
|
||||
// then apply the requested ending.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Masculine case endings (singular):
|
||||
// Nominative: -um
|
||||
// Accusative: -am
|
||||
// Genitive: -im
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Masculine case endings (plural):
|
||||
// Nominative: -ūtum (or -ū in construct)
|
||||
// Accusative/Genitive: -ātim (or -ī in construct)
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Feminine nouns (identified by -tum nom sg ending):
|
||||
// Sg nominative: -tum, accusative: -tam, genitive: -tim
|
||||
// Pl nominative: -ātum, genitive/accusative: -ātim
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Known irregular stems (the vocabulary layer should pass dictionary forms):
|
||||
// šarrum → stem: šarr-
|
||||
// awīlum → stem: awīl-
|
||||
// bītum → stem: bīt-
|
||||
// ilum → stem: il-
|
||||
|
||||
fn akk_strip_nom(noun: String) -> String {
|
||||
// Strip -um (masc nom sg mimation ending) to get bare stem
|
||||
if akk_str_ends(noun, "um") {
|
||||
return akk_str_drop_last(noun, 2)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Strip -tum (fem nom sg)
|
||||
if akk_str_ends(noun, "tum") {
|
||||
return akk_str_drop_last(noun, 3)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Already a bare stem or unusual form: return as-is
|
||||
return noun
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn akk_is_fem(noun: String) -> Bool {
|
||||
// Feminine nouns in OB typically end in -tum (nom sg)
|
||||
if akk_str_ends(noun, "tum") { return true }
|
||||
if akk_str_ends(noun, "tam") { return true }
|
||||
if akk_str_ends(noun, "tim") { return true }
|
||||
return false
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn akk_decline(noun: String, gram_case: String, number: String) -> String {
|
||||
let fem: Bool = akk_is_fem(noun)
|
||||
let stem: String = akk_strip_nom(noun)
|
||||
|
||||
if str_eq(number, "singular") {
|
||||
if fem {
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "nom") { return stem + "tum" }
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "acc") { return stem + "tam" }
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "gen") { return stem + "tim" }
|
||||
return stem + "tum"
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Masculine
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "nom") { return stem + "um" }
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "acc") { return stem + "am" }
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "gen") { return stem + "im" }
|
||||
return stem + "um"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Plural
|
||||
if fem {
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "nom") { return stem + "ātum" }
|
||||
// acc and gen merge in the oblique plural
|
||||
return stem + "ātim"
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Masculine plural
|
||||
if str_eq(gram_case, "nom") { return stem + "ūtum" }
|
||||
return stem + "ātim"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ── Noun phrase ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||||
//
|
||||
// akk_noun_phrase: produce the surface noun phrase.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Akkadian has no definite or indefinite article. Determination is conveyed
|
||||
// by context, word order, and the genitive construct chain (status constructus).
|
||||
// The definite parameter is accepted but has no surface effect: the declined
|
||||
// noun is returned in either case.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// noun: dictionary form (nominative singular with mimation, e.g. "šarrum")
|
||||
// gram_case: "nom" | "acc" | "gen"
|
||||
// number: "singular" | "plural"
|
||||
// definite: "true" | "false" (no surface effect in Akkadian)
|
||||
|
||||
fn akk_noun_phrase(noun: String, gram_case: String, number: String, definite: String) -> String {
|
||||
return akk_decline(noun, gram_case, number)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ── Canonical verb mapping ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||||
//
|
||||
// akk_map_canonical: map cross-lingual English canonical verb labels to
|
||||
// their Akkadian G-stem infinitive equivalents.
|
||||
|
||||
fn akk_map_canonical(verb: String) -> String {
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "be") { return "bašû" }
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "go") { return "alāku" }
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "see") { return "amāru" }
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "say") { return "qabû" }
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "speak") { return "qabû" }
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "do") { return "epēšu" }
|
||||
if str_eq(verb, "make") { return "epēšu" }
|
||||
return verb
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user