stage(elp): consolidate scattered lang work — full-lexicon vocabulary + profiles
Backfill ELP vocabulary from FULL lexicons (UniMorph + kaikki.org Wiktionary, real gender/inflections) for 8 languages, 812,894 entries total, in the proven seed-fn format matching the 18 ancient vocabularies: es 72,032 | fr 130,517 | de 144,692 | la 22,590 | it 193,675 | pt 115,772 | ro 86,504 | ca 47,112 4 of these (es fr de la) backfill ELP languages that had morphology but no vocabulary; it/pt/ro/ca are new Romance (need morphology-*.el ports next). Adds lang_profile_* for all 8 + reproducible generators under tests/lang-gen. Vocab is runtime seed data (not in build manifest, like the 18 ancients); seed-fn format validated to compile to C via elc.
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""morphology_de_full.py — production German morphological generator.
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Real data, no toy tables:
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PRIMARY — UniMorph German (github.com/unimorph/deu, CC-BY-SA 3.0).
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~219k noun forms, ~199k verb forms. Supplies:
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nouns : gender (MASC/FEM/NEUT) + case×number paradigm
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(N;NOM/ACC/DAT/GEN; MASC/FEM/NEUT; SG/PL) — the genitive -(e)s,
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dative-plural -n and the five plural classes are REAL forms, not
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guessed.
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verbs : full finite paradigm IND;{SG,PL};{1,2,3};{PRS,PST}, the past
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participle (V.PTCP;PST, incl. reattached separable prefix
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'zugefügt'), and — crucially for V2 — the SEPARATED finite form
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UniMorph records directly ('füge zu', 'steht auf').
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adjs : comparative / superlative (ADJ;CMPR, ADJ;SPRL).
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SECONDARY — kaikki.org German (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA/GFDL). Gap-fills noun
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gender + plural where UniMorph is thin. Never overrides UniMorph.
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Rule fallbacks (flagged 'rule'/'fallback') for lemmas absent from both lexicons:
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present : -e/-st/-t/-en/-t/-en with e-epenthesis after -t/-d/-chn stems
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plural : gender heuristic (fem -> -(e)n, else -e / umlaut left to lexicon)
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ppart : weak ge-…-t
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Adjective ENDINGS are rule-computed by the realizer (regular closed table);
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this module only supplies the comparative/superlative STEM.
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Perfect auxiliary (haben vs sein): sein for a curated set of intransitive
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motion / change-of-state verbs (real German lexical property), else haben.
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Public API:
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noun_gender(lemma) -> 'm'|'f'|'n'
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decline_noun(lemma, case, number) -> (form, conf)
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pluralize(lemma) -> (form, conf)
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finite(lemma, tense, person, number) -> (form, conf) # may contain ' prefix'
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nonfinite(lemma, req) -> (form, conf) # req: 'inf'|'ppart'
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past_participle(lemma) -> (form, conf)
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separable_prefix(lemma) -> str|None
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perfect_aux(lemma) -> 'haben'|'sein'
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comparative(lemma)/superlative(lemma) -> (stem, conf)
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lexicon_stats() -> dict
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"""
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import json
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import os
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import pickle
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_HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
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_UNIMORPH = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "deu.unimorph")
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_KAIKKI = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "kaikki_de.jsonl")
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_CACHE = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "de_morph_cache.pkl")
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_GENDER = {"MASC": "m", "FEM": "f", "NEUT": "n"}
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# intransitive motion / change-of-state verbs that take SEIN in the perfect
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_SEIN = {"gehen", "kommen", "fahren", "laufen", "rennen", "reisen", "fallen",
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"steigen", "sinken", "wachsen", "sterben", "geschehen", "passieren",
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"werden", "bleiben", "sein", "aufstehen", "einschlafen", "aufwachen",
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"ankommen", "abfahren", "aufsteigen", "erscheinen", "verschwinden",
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"fliegen", "schwimmen", "springen", "begegnen", "folgen", "gelingen",
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"wandern", "ziehen", "flüchten", "eintreten", "einsteigen", "aussteigen"}
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# hardcoded high-frequency irregular / auxiliary / modal paradigms (closed class,
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# verified) — consulted before the lexicon so aux+modal chains are always correct.
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_CORE = {
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"sein": {"prs": {("first", "singular"): "bin", ("second", "singular"): "bist",
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("third", "singular"): "ist", ("first", "plural"): "sind",
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("second", "plural"): "seid", ("third", "plural"): "sind"},
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"pst": {("first", "singular"): "war", ("second", "singular"): "warst",
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("third", "singular"): "war", ("first", "plural"): "waren",
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("second", "plural"): "wart", ("third", "plural"): "waren"},
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"ppart": "gewesen"},
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"haben": {"prs": {("first", "singular"): "habe", ("second", "singular"): "hast",
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("third", "singular"): "hat", ("first", "plural"): "haben",
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("second", "plural"): "habt", ("third", "plural"): "haben"},
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"pst": {("first", "singular"): "hatte", ("second", "singular"): "hattest",
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("third", "singular"): "hatte", ("first", "plural"): "hatten",
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("second", "plural"): "hattet", ("third", "plural"): "hatten"},
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"ppart": "gehabt"},
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"werden": {"prs": {("first", "singular"): "werde", ("second", "singular"): "wirst",
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("third", "singular"): "wird", ("first", "plural"): "werden",
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("second", "plural"): "werdet", ("third", "plural"): "werden"},
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"pst": {("first", "singular"): "wurde", ("second", "singular"): "wurdest",
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("third", "singular"): "wurde", ("first", "plural"): "wurden",
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("second", "plural"): "wurdet", ("third", "plural"): "wurden"},
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"ppart": "geworden"},
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}
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_MODAL_PRS = {
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"können": ("kann", "kannst", "kann", "können", "könnt", "können"),
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"müssen": ("muss", "musst", "muss", "müssen", "müsst", "müssen"),
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"wollen": ("will", "willst", "will", "wollen", "wollt", "wollen"),
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"sollen": ("soll", "sollst", "soll", "sollen", "sollt", "sollen"),
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"dürfen": ("darf", "darfst", "darf", "dürfen", "dürft", "dürfen"),
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"mögen": ("mag", "magst", "mag", "mögen", "mögt", "mögen"),
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}
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_MODAL_PST = {
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"können": ("konnte", "konntest", "konnte", "konnten", "konntet", "konnten"),
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"müssen": ("musste", "musstest", "musste", "mussten", "musstet", "mussten"),
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"wollen": ("wollte", "wolltest", "wollte", "wollten", "wolltet", "wollten"),
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"sollen": ("sollte", "solltest", "sollte", "sollten", "solltet", "sollten"),
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"dürfen": ("durfte", "durftest", "durfte", "durften", "durftet", "durften"),
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"mögen": ("mochte", "mochtest", "mochte", "mochten", "mochtet", "mochten"),
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}
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_PN_ORDER = [("first", "singular"), ("second", "singular"), ("third", "singular"),
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("first", "plural"), ("second", "plural"), ("third", "plural")]
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_MODAL_PPART = {"können": "gekonnt", "müssen": "gemusst", "wollen": "gewollt",
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"sollen": "gesollt", "dürfen": "gedurft", "mögen": "gemocht"}
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for _m, _forms in _MODAL_PRS.items():
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_CORE[_m] = {"prs": dict(zip(_PN_ORDER, _forms)),
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"pst": dict(zip(_PN_ORDER, _MODAL_PST[_m])),
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"ppart": _MODAL_PPART[_m]}
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def _person_num(tags):
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p = n = None
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for t in tags:
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if t in ("1", "2", "3"):
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p = {"1": "first", "2": "second", "3": "third"}[t]
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elif t == "SG":
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n = "singular"
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elif t == "PL":
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n = "plural"
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return p, n
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def _build_from_unimorph():
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nouns, verbs, adjs = {}, {}, {}
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if not os.path.exists(_UNIMORPH):
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return nouns, verbs, adjs
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with open(_UNIMORPH, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
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for line in fh:
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line = line.rstrip("\n")
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if not line or "\t" not in line:
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continue
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parts = line.split("\t")
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if len(parts) != 3:
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continue
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lemma, form, tagstr = parts
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tags = tagstr.split(";")
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head = tags[0]
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tset = set(tags)
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if head == "N":
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rec = nouns.setdefault(lemma, {"g": None, "cases": {}, "pl": None})
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g = next((_GENDER[t] for t in tags if t in _GENDER), None)
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if g and not rec["g"]:
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rec["g"] = g
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case = next((t for t in tags if t in ("NOM", "ACC", "DAT", "GEN")), None)
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num = "plural" if "PL" in tset else ("singular" if "SG" in tset else None)
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if case and num:
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rec["cases"].setdefault((case, num), form)
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if case == "NOM" and num == "plural" and not rec["pl"]:
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rec["pl"] = form
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elif head.startswith("V"):
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rec = verbs.setdefault(lemma, {"prs": {}, "pst": {}, "ppart": None})
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if "PTCP" in head and "PST" in tset:
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rec["ppart"] = rec["ppart"] or form
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elif "IND" in tset and ("PRS" in tset or "PST" in tset):
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p, n = _person_num(tags)
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if p and n:
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slot = "prs" if "PRS" in tset else "pst"
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rec[slot].setdefault((p, n), form)
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elif head == "ADJ":
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rec = adjs.setdefault(lemma, {})
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if "CMPR" in tset:
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rec.setdefault("cmpr", form.replace("am ", "").strip())
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elif "SPRL" in tset:
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rec.setdefault("sprl", form.replace("am ", "").replace("sten", "st")
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if form.endswith("sten") else form.replace("am ", ""))
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return nouns, verbs, adjs
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def _build_from_kaikki(nouns):
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"""Gap-fill noun gender + plural from kaikki German."""
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if not os.path.exists(_KAIKKI):
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return
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_g = {"masculine": "m", "feminine": "f", "neuter": "n", "m": "m", "f": "f", "n": "n"}
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with open(_KAIKKI, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
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for line in fh:
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try:
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d = json.loads(line)
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except Exception:
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continue
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if d.get("pos") != "noun":
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continue
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w = d.get("word", "")
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if not w or not w[0].isalpha() or " " in w:
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continue
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rec = nouns.setdefault(w, {"g": None, "cases": {}, "pl": None})
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# GENDER: Wiktionary gender is hand-curated and OVERRIDES UniMorph's
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# auto-tagged gender, which has known errors (e.g. UniMorph deu mis-
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# records Zeit=MASC, Wagen=NEUT; Wiktionary has f, m correctly).
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for h in d.get("head_templates", []) or []:
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a = h.get("args", {}) or {}
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raw = a.get("1") or a.get("g") or ""
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code = str(raw).split(",")[0].strip().lower()
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if code in _g:
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rec["g"] = _g[code]
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break
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if not rec["pl"]:
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for f in d.get("forms", []) or []:
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t = set(f.get("tags", []) or [])
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if "plural" in t and f.get("form") and "genitive" not in t:
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rec["pl"] = f["form"]
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break
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def _build_cache():
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nouns, verbs, adjs = _build_from_unimorph()
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_build_from_kaikki(nouns)
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data = {"nouns": nouns, "verbs": verbs, "adjs": adjs}
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try:
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with open(_CACHE, "wb") as fh:
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pickle.dump(data, fh, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
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except OSError:
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pass
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return data
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def _load():
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if os.path.exists(_CACHE):
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srcs = [p for p in (_UNIMORPH, _KAIKKI) if os.path.exists(p)]
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newest = max((os.path.getmtime(p) for p in srcs), default=0)
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if os.path.getmtime(_CACHE) >= newest:
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try:
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with open(_CACHE, "rb") as fh:
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return pickle.load(fh)
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except Exception:
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pass
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return _build_cache()
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_LEX = _load()
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_NOUNS, _VERBS, _ADJS = _LEX["nouns"], _LEX["verbs"], _LEX["adjs"]
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# ── nouns ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def noun_gender(lemma):
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rec = _NOUNS.get(lemma) or _NOUNS.get(lemma.capitalize())
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if rec and rec.get("g"):
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return rec["g"]
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# last-resort rule: -ung/-heit/-keit/-schaft/-tät/-ion -> f ; -chen/-lein -> n
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low = lemma.lower()
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if low.endswith(("ung", "heit", "keit", "schaft", "tät", "ion", "ik", "ei")):
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return "f"
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if low.endswith(("chen", "lein", "ment", "um")):
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return "n"
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return "m"
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def pluralize(lemma):
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rec = _NOUNS.get(lemma) or _NOUNS.get(lemma.capitalize())
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if rec and rec.get("pl"):
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return rec["pl"], "lexicon"
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g = noun_gender(lemma)
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if g == "f":
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return (lemma + "en" if not lemma.endswith("e") else lemma + "n"), "rule"
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return (lemma if lemma.endswith(("er", "en", "el")) else lemma + "e"), "rule"
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def decline_noun(lemma, case, number):
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"""case in NOM/ACC/DAT/GEN, number in singular/plural."""
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rec = _NOUNS.get(lemma) or _NOUNS.get(lemma.capitalize())
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if case == "DAT" and number == "singular":
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# modern German drops the archaic dative -e ('dem Kinde' -> 'dem Kind');
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# the article carries the case. Keep bare nominative form.
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base = (rec or {}).get("cases", {}).get(("NOM", "singular")) or lemma
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return base, ("lexicon" if rec else "rule")
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if rec and rec.get("cases", {}).get((case, number)):
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return rec["cases"][(case, number)], "lexicon"
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if number == "plural":
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pl, c = pluralize(lemma)
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if case == "DAT" and not pl.endswith("n") and not pl.endswith("s"):
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return pl + "n", c # dative plural -n
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return pl, c
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# singular
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g = noun_gender(lemma)
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if case == "GEN" and g in ("m", "n"):
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return (lemma + "es" if lemma.endswith(("s", "ß", "z", "x")) else lemma + "s"), "rule"
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return lemma, "lexicon" if rec else "rule"
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# ── verbs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────--
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_PRS_ENDINGS = {("first", "singular"): "e", ("second", "singular"): "st",
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("third", "singular"): "t", ("first", "plural"): "en",
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("second", "plural"): "t", ("third", "plural"): "en"}
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def _stem(lemma):
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if lemma.endswith("en"):
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return lemma[:-2]
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if lemma.endswith("n"):
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return lemma[:-1]
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return lemma
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def separable_prefix(lemma):
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"""Return the separable prefix if the lemma is a separable-prefix verb."""
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rec = _VERBS.get(lemma)
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if rec:
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for (_p, _n), form in rec.get("prs", {}).items():
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if " " in form:
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return form.rsplit(" ", 1)[1]
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_SEP = ("auf", "aus", "ab", "an", "ein", "mit", "nach", "vor", "zu", "zurück",
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"weg", "hin", "her", "los", "bei", "fest", "fort", "um", "zusammen")
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_INSEP = ("be", "ge", "er", "ver", "zer", "ent", "emp", "miss")
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for p in sorted(_SEP, key=len, reverse=True):
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if lemma.startswith(p) and len(lemma) > len(p) + 2 \
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and not lemma.startswith(_INSEP):
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return p
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return None
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def finite(lemma, tense, person, number):
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"""Present/past finite. For separable verbs the returned string is the
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UniMorph SEPARATED form 'stem prefix' (realizer places prefix per V2)."""
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slot = "prs" if tense == "present" else "pst"
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if lemma in _CORE and _CORE[lemma].get(slot, {}).get((person, number)):
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return _CORE[lemma][slot][(person, number)], "lexicon"
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rec = _VERBS.get(lemma)
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if rec and rec.get(slot, {}).get((person, number)):
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return rec[slot][(person, number)], "lexicon"
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# rule fallback (present only reliable; past weak -te)
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stem = _stem(lemma)
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pref = separable_prefix(lemma)
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if pref:
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stem = _stem(lemma[len(pref):])
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if tense == "present":
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end = _PRS_ENDINGS[(person, number)]
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if stem.endswith(("t", "d", "chn", "ffn", "gn")) and end in ("st", "t"):
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end = "e" + end
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form = stem + end
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else:
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form = stem + ("ete" if stem.endswith(("t", "d")) else "te")
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if (person, number) == ("second", "singular"):
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form += "st"
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elif number == "plural" and person != "second":
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form += "n"
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elif (person, number) == ("second", "plural"):
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form += "t"
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if pref:
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return f"{form} {pref}", "rule"
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return form, "rule"
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def _weak_t(stem):
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return stem + ("et" if stem.endswith(("t", "d", "chn", "ffn", "gn")) else "t")
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def past_participle(lemma):
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if lemma in _CORE:
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return _CORE[lemma]["ppart"], "lexicon"
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rec = _VERBS.get(lemma)
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if rec and rec.get("ppart"):
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return rec["ppart"], "lexicon"
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stem = _stem(lemma)
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pref = separable_prefix(lemma)
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_INSEP = ("be", "ge", "er", "ver", "zer", "ent", "emp", "miss")
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if pref:
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inner = _stem(lemma[len(pref):])
|
||||
return pref + "ge" + _weak_t(inner), "rule"
|
||||
if lemma.startswith(_INSEP):
|
||||
return _weak_t(stem), "rule"
|
||||
return "ge" + _weak_t(stem), "rule"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def nonfinite(lemma, req):
|
||||
if req == "ppart":
|
||||
return past_participle(lemma)
|
||||
return lemma, "lexicon" if lemma in _VERBS else "rule" # infinitive
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def perfect_aux(lemma):
|
||||
return "sein" if lemma in _SEIN else "haben"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ── adjectives ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────---
|
||||
_ADJ_IRREG_SPRL = {"gut": "best", "groß": "größt", "hoch": "höchst",
|
||||
"nah": "nächst", "viel": "meist", "gern": "liebst"}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def comparative(lemma):
|
||||
rec = _ADJS.get(lemma)
|
||||
if rec and rec.get("cmpr"):
|
||||
return rec["cmpr"], "lexicon"
|
||||
return lemma + "er", "rule"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def superlative(lemma):
|
||||
"""Return the bare superlative STEM (realizer adds 'am ...en' or '-e' ending)."""
|
||||
if lemma in _ADJ_IRREG_SPRL:
|
||||
return _ADJ_IRREG_SPRL[lemma], "lexicon"
|
||||
# derive from the comparative so umlaut is carried (alt->älter->ältest)
|
||||
cmpr, cconf = comparative(lemma)
|
||||
base = cmpr[:-2] if cmpr.endswith("er") else lemma
|
||||
end = "est" if base.endswith(("t", "d", "s", "ß", "z", "sch")) else "st"
|
||||
return base + end, cconf
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def lexicon_stats():
|
||||
return {
|
||||
"source": "UniMorph deu (primary) + kaikki.org German (gap-fill gender/plural)",
|
||||
"license": "CC-BY-SA 3.0 (UniMorph); CC-BY-SA/GFDL (Wiktionary)",
|
||||
"noun_lemmas": len(_NOUNS),
|
||||
"nouns_with_gender": sum(1 for v in _NOUNS.values() if v.get("g")),
|
||||
"nouns_with_plural": sum(1 for v in _NOUNS.values() if v.get("pl")),
|
||||
"verb_lemmas": len(_VERBS),
|
||||
"verbs_with_ppart": sum(1 for v in _VERBS.values() if v.get("ppart")),
|
||||
"adj_lemmas": len(_ADJS),
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
print(json.dumps(lexicon_stats(), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
|
||||
for w in ("Hund", "Frau", "Kind", "Mann", "Buch", "Blume"):
|
||||
print(f" {w}: gender={noun_gender(w)} pl={pluralize(w)} "
|
||||
f"gen.sg={decline_noun(w, 'GEN', 'singular')} "
|
||||
f"dat.pl={decline_noun(w, 'DAT', 'plural')}")
|
||||
for v in ("machen", "gehen", "aufstehen", "sein", "haben", "arbeiten"):
|
||||
print(f" {v}: 3sg.prs={finite(v, 'present', 'third', 'singular')} "
|
||||
f"3sg.pst={finite(v, 'past', 'third', 'singular')} "
|
||||
f"ppart={past_participle(v)} aux={perfect_aux(v)} sep={separable_prefix(v)}")
|
||||
for a in ("schnell", "gut", "groß", "alt"):
|
||||
print(f" {a}: cmpr={comparative(a)} sprl={superlative(a)}")
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user