;;; lang_profile_ro.el — Romanian language profile for ELP. ;;; Romanian is the BIG typological delta of the Romance family. The verb/clause ;;; engine and the SACRED negation contract mirror the ES/PT/IT core, but the ;;; NOMINAL system is genuinely new: a SUFFIXED definite article, preserved CASE, ;;; a NEUTER gender, and a VOCATIVE. Those flags mark where the shared engine was ;;; extended rather than reused. (lang_profile_ro (language "Romanian") (iso639 "ro") (family "Romance (Eastern / Balkan)") ;; ── core typology flags ──────────────────────────────────────────────── (pro-drop yes) ; null subjects default; overt pronoun = emphatic (obligatory-subject no) (grammatical-gender yes) ; m / f / NEUTER (n) (neuter-gender yes) ; << ROMANIAN-SPECIFIC: masc-agreeing SG, fem-agreeing PL ; (un tren nou / două trenuri noi) (do-support no) (subject-aux-inversion no) ; yes/no Q = declarative order + '?' (question-punct plain) ; ? and ! only ;; ── SUFFIXED DEFINITE ARTICLE (the headline engine extension) ─────────── (definite-article suffixed) ; << UNIQUE IN ROMANCE: enclitic on the noun (definite-forms ((m/n sg "-ul / -le / -l : om->omul, câine->câinele, codru->codrul") (f sg "-a / -ea / -ua : casă->casa, carte->cartea, stea->steaua") (m pl "-i : oameni->oamenii") (f/n pl "-le : case->casele, trenuri->trenurile"))) (article-host ((no-prenom-adj noun) ; omul bun (prenom-adj adjective))) ; bunul om (adj carries the article) (indefinite-article ((m/n "un") (f "o") (pl "niște") (gen/dat-pl "unor"))) ;; ── CASE (preserved; NOM/ACC vs GEN/DAT) ──────────────────────────────── (case (nom/acc gen/dat vocative)) ; << ROMANIAN-SPECIFIC (case-syncretism "nom=acc ; gen=dat") (genitive-marking "gen/dat definite: -lui (m/n), -ei/-i (f), -lor (pl)") (genitival-article ((m sg "al") (f sg "a") (m pl "ai") (f/n pl "ale"))) ; o carte a lui (possession "definite-head + gen/dat possessor: casa băiatului") (vocative ((m sg "-ule/-e : omule, băiete") (f sg "-o : Mario, fato") (pl "-lor"))) ;; ── verb / aspect system ──────────────────────────────────────────────── (finite-agreement "person+number (6-way)") (tenses (prezent imperfect perfect-simplu conjunctiv-prezent imperativ (periphrastic: perfect-compus viitor conditional))) (compound-past "perfectul compus = a-avea-clitic + INVARIABLE participle") (perfect-aux "a avea (am/ai/a/am/ați/au) — ONE auxiliary for ALL verbs") (perfect-aux-split no) ; << SIMPLER than Italian: no essere/avere selection (participle-agreement none) ; invariable in the perfect compus (agrees only as ; an adjective / in the passive) (future "voi/vei/va/vom/veți/vor + infinitive (viitor literar)") (conditional "aș/ai/ar/am/ați/ar + infinitive") (subjunctive "conjunctiv: particle 'să' + subjunctive present") (modal-complement "modal + să + subjunctive (vreau să merg, poți să ajuți)") (copula "a fi") (passive "a fi + participle (participle AGREES like an adjective)") (comparative "mai / mai puțin ADJ decât") ;; ── clitic system (partial — see honest gaps) ─────────────────────────── (clitics yes) (clitic-set ((acc mă te îl o ne vă îi le) (dat îmi îți îi ne vă le) (refl mă te se ne vă se))) (clitic-placement ((finite proclitic) ; îmi place, o văd (perfect-compus elision) ; << m-am, l-am, i-am (PARTIAL) (imperative-affirmative enclitic))) ; dă-mi (PARTIAL) ;; ── SACRED safety bar (shared with es/pt/it/en) ───────────────────────── (negation-faithful yes) ; polarity never dropped/inverted; unplaceable -> FLAG (negation "nu (single preverbal marker) + concord") (negative-concord yes) ; nu … nimic / nimeni / niciodată / niciun (negative-imperative "nu + INFINITIVE : nu pleca! (KNOWN GAP: uses imperative stem)"))