;;; lang_profile_ca.el — Catalan language profile for ELP. ;;; Mirrors lang_profile_it / _es / _pt; keys the realizer's construction switches. ;;; Catalan is the CLOSEST Romance sibling to the shared engine (~85% conceptual ;;; reuse). The deltas: PRONOMS FEBLES with four position allomorphs, l'-elision, ;;; del/al/pel contractions, the periphrastic preterite (vaig+INF), and NO ;;; essere/avere split (perfect aux is always HAVER; ser/estar is only the copula). (lang_profile_ca (language "Catalan") (iso639 "ca") (family "Romance") ;; ── core typology flags ──────────────────────────────────────────────── (pro-drop yes) ; null subjects default; overt pronoun = emphatic (obligatory-subject no) (grammatical-gender yes) ; m/f; full NP agreement (art + adj + participle) (do-support no) (subject-aux-inversion no) ; yes/no Q = declarative order + '?'; no inversion (article-selection "el/la/l'/els/les ; un/una/uns/unes") ; l'-ELISION: ; el/la -> l' before vowel or (silent) h, glued to ; the next word (l'home, l'illa); de -> d' before vowel (article-drives-contraction yes) ; article choice feeds prep+article contraction (adjective-position "postnominal-default + small prenominal class") ; bo/bon, ; mal, gran, nou, vell, primer, molt... prenominal (question-punct plain) ; ? and ! only (no inverted ¿ ¡) ;; ── MANDATORY prep+article contractions ──────────────────────────────── (contractions ((de el del) (de els dels) (a el al) (a els als) (per el pel) (per els pels))) (contraction-mandatory yes) ; *de el -> del obligatory (contraction-blocked-before-elision yes) ; de l'home / a l'home (NO *del home) ;; ── clitic system: PRONOMS FEBLES (the headline delta) ────────────────── (clitics yes) (clitic-allomorphy four-position) ; per pronoun, form varies by position+onset: ; reinforced (em, et, el) proclitic before a consonant ; elided (m', t', l', n') proclitic before a vowel/h ; full (-me, -lo, -li) enclitic after a consonant/-r ; reduced ('m, 't, 'l, 'ns) enclitic after a vowel (clitic-placement ((finite proclitic) ; el veig, no m'ho dóna (imperative-affirmative enclitic) ; dóna'm, digues-me (imperative-negative present-subjunctive) ; no parlis (delta) (infinitive enclitic) ; ajudar-me, veure'l (gerund enclitic))) ; fent-ho (clitic-combination ((me el "me'l") (te el "te'l") (se el "se'l") (me la "me la") (me en "me'n") (li el "l'hi") (li en "n'hi"))) ; dative+accusative clusters (clitic-particles (hi en ho)) ; locative hi, partitive/genitive en, neuter ho ;; ── verb / aspect system ─────────────────────────────────────────────── (finite-agreement "person+number (6-way)") (tenses (present imperfet preterit-simple perifrastic-preterit futur condicional subjuntiu-present subjuntiu-imperfet imperatiu)) (periphrastic-preterite "vaig/vas/va/vam/vau/van + INFINITIVE") ; << hallmark CA ; (vaig cantar = 'I sang'); coexists w/ synthetic pret. (compound-past "pretèrit perfet = haver(present) + participle") (perfect-aux "HAVER only") ; << NO essere/avere split (simpler than IT) (participle-agreement ((haver preceding-acc-clitic))) ; les he vistes; else invariable (progressive-aux "estar + gerundi") (copula "ser / estar") ; ser: identity/essential/origin; estar: ; location + transient state (estic cansat, és a casa) (passive-aux "ser (+ per-agent)") (future inflectional) ; cantaré, serà (comparative "més/menys ADJ que") ;; ── SACRED safety bar (shared with es/pt/it/en) ──────────────────────── (negation-faithful yes) ; polarity never dropped/inverted; unplaceable -> FLAG (negation "no (preverbal) + optional 'pas' + concord") ; no...res/ ; ningú/mai/cap/gens/enlloc (negative-concord yes) ; preverbal negative subject (ningú) keeps 'no' (neg-reinforcer pas)) ; optional (no ho faré pas)