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el/lang/runtime/engram_vindex.h
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/* engram_vindex.h — M8 of the engram query engine: an approximate-nearest-
* neighbour (ANN) vector index over the node embedding vectors, for fast
* activation-seed selection.
*
* Replaces the O(n) cosine scan over emb vectors (design §9 M8; backlog #20)
* with an HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) graph that returns
* high-recall top-k seeds in ~O(log n).
*
* Standalone module: plain C11, stdlib + libm only. It does NOT modify the
* store format or engram_store.{c,h}; vindex_build_from_store() decodes the
* PERMANENT on-disk node format (design §2.4) read-only to harvest emb vectors.
*
* Similarity metric: cosine. Vectors are L2-normalised on insert/query, so
* cosine similarity == dot product. Reported distance = 1 - cosine_similarity
* (range [0,2]); smaller == closer. A query equal to an indexed vector scores
* distance ~0 against it.
*
* The index is fully rebuildable from the store, so persistence is optional for
* this milestone (see vindex_save/vindex_load below — provided as a convenience;
* boot may simply rebuild via vindex_build_from_store()).
*/
#ifndef ENGRAM_VINDEX_H
#define ENGRAM_VINDEX_H
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
/* Tuned defaults (rationale in engram_vindex.c). Pass 0 to vindex_create for
* M / ef_construction to take these; pass ef_search<=0 to vindex_search for
* VINDEX_DEFAULT_EF_SEARCH. */
#define VINDEX_DEFAULT_M 24
#define VINDEX_DEFAULT_EF_CONSTRUCTION 200
#define VINDEX_DEFAULT_EF_SEARCH 128
typedef struct VIndex VIndex;
/* Create an index over `dim`-dimensional f32 vectors.
* M — max neighbours per node on upper layers (2*M on layer 0).
* ef_construction — candidate-list width during insert (recall/build cost).
* Pass M<=0 or ef_construction<=0 to use the VINDEX_DEFAULT_* above.
* Returns NULL on bad args / OOM. */
VIndex* vindex_create(int dim, int M, int ef_construction);
/* Insert one vector under an opaque caller-defined node_id (need not be unique,
* but the caller is responsible for meaning). `vec` has `dim` floats; it is
* copied and L2-normalised internally. A zero vector is accepted (it simply has
* distance ~1 to everything; never produces NaN). Returns 0 on success, <0 on
* error (bad args / OOM). */
int vindex_insert(VIndex* idx, uint64_t node_id, const float* vec);
/* Top-k search by cosine similarity. Writes up to k results (fewer if the index
* holds fewer than k elements) into node_id_out[] / dist_out[], ordered nearest
* first (ascending distance). Either out array may be NULL to skip it.
* ef_search — search-time candidate width; larger == higher recall, slower.
* Pass <=0 for VINDEX_DEFAULT_EF_SEARCH. Internally clamped to >=k.
* Returns the number of results written, or <0 on error. */
int vindex_search(VIndex* idx, const float* query, int k, int ef_search,
uint64_t* node_id_out, float* dist_out);
/* Number of vectors currently indexed. */
size_t vindex_size(const VIndex* idx);
void vindex_free(VIndex* idx);
/* Build an index by scanning every live node record in the paged store at
* `store_path` (the on-disk format is decoded read-only; the store need not be
* open). Nodes without an emb vector, or whose emb_dim != idx->dim, are skipped.
* Each inserted node is assigned node_id = its 0-based insertion ordinal; if
* `ids_out`/`n_out` are non-NULL, *ids_out is set to a malloc'd array of that
* many strdup'd string ids (ids_out[node_id] == the store id) and *n_out to the
* count — the caller frees each string and the array. Returns the number of
* vectors inserted, or <0 on error. */
int vindex_build_from_store(VIndex* idx, const char* store_path,
char*** ids_out, int* n_out);
/* Optional persistence (index is rebuildable from the store; provided for
* convenience). vindex_save writes a self-describing snapshot; vindex_load
* reconstructs an index from one. Return 0 / non-NULL on success. */
int vindex_save(const VIndex* idx, const char* path);
VIndex* vindex_load(const char* path);
#endif /* ENGRAM_VINDEX_H */