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el/elp/tests/lang-gen/morphology_ca_full.py
T
will.anderson a816b119e7 stage(elp): consolidate scattered lang work — full-lexicon vocabulary + profiles
Backfill ELP vocabulary from FULL lexicons (UniMorph + kaikki.org Wiktionary,
real gender/inflections) for 8 languages, 812,894 entries total, in the proven
seed-fn format matching the 18 ancient vocabularies:
  es 72,032 | fr 130,517 | de 144,692 | la 22,590 | it 193,675 | pt 115,772 |
  ro 86,504 | ca 47,112
4 of these (es fr de la) backfill ELP languages that had morphology but no
vocabulary; it/pt/ro/ca are new Romance (need morphology-*.el ports next).
Adds lang_profile_* for all 8 + reproducible generators under tests/lang-gen.
Vocab is runtime seed data (not in build manifest, like the 18 ancients);
seed-fn format validated to compile to C via elc.
2026-08-13 11:56:03 -05:00

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""morphology_ca_full.py — production-grade Catalan morphological generator.
Same design as morphology_it_full.py (its Romance sibling); Catalan-specific data.
VERBS
UniMorph Catalan (github.com/unimorph/cat, CC-BY-SA 3.0)
7,535 verb lemmas × paradigm, CLEAN orthography:
present, imperfet (PST;IPFV), pretèrit simple (PST;PFV), futur,
condicional (COND), subjuntiu present (SBJV;PRS) / imperfet (SBJV;PST),
imperatiu (POS;IMP), infinitiu (NFIN), gerundi (V.CVB;PRS),
participi (V.PTCP;PST) — WITH full gender+number agreement forms
(cantat/cantada/cantats/cantades) stored directly.
ca_irreg_verbs.json — verbs UniMorph MISSES or under-populates
(anar, fer, plus core auxiliaries ser/haver/estar/tenir…), extracted from
kaikki.org Catalan by build_ca_irreg.py. Priority layer. Supplies anar,
whose present (vaig/vas/va/anem/aneu/van) is ALSO the PERIPHRASTIC-PRETERITE
auxiliary (vaig cantar = 'I sang') — a hallmark Catalan construction.
NOUNS + ADJECTIVES — kaikki.org Catalan (Wiktionary extract, CC-BY-SA 3.0)
noun lemmas WITH inherent gender + real plural (resolved PER LEMMA).
adjective lemmas with real feminine + plural forms.
Fallbacks degrade, never crash:
verbs : regular -ar/-er/-re/-ir rule generator (+ -car/-gar/-çar spelling).
nouns : gender heuristic + rule pluralization (-a→-es with ç/c/g/j/qu/gu
spelling changes; sibilant-final → -os; else -s). Ambiguous → FLAG.
adjs : -o? no (Catalan masc often consonant/-e); fem -a rule + plural rule.
Confidence flag per form: "lexicon" | "rule" | "fallback" (low → FLAG).
Public API (used by realizer_ca.py):
conjugate(lemma, mood, tense, person, number) -> (form, conf)
peri_pret_aux(person, number) -> form # anar-present, for vaig+INF
participle(lemma, gender, number) -> (form, conf)
gerund(lemma) -> (form, conf)
noun_gender(lemma) -> "m"|"f"
inflect_noun(lemma, number, gender=None) -> (form, conf)
inflect_adj(lemma, gender, number) -> (form, conf)
lexicon_stats() -> dict
"""
import json
import os
import pickle
_HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
_UNIMORPH = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "cat.unimorph")
_IRREG = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "ca_irreg_verbs.json")
_KAIKKI = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "kaikki_ca.jsonl")
_CACHE = os.path.join(_HERE, "data", "ca_morph_cache.pkl")
_VERB_KEYMAP = {
("ind", "present"): {"IND", "PRS"},
("ind", "imperfect"): {"IND", "PST", "IPFV"},
("ind", "preterite"): {"IND", "PST", "PFV"},
("ind", "future"): {"IND", "FUT"},
("ind", "conditional"): {"COND"},
("sbjv", "present"): {"SBJV", "PRS"},
("sbjv", "imperfect"): {"SBJV", "PST"},
("imp", "affirmative"): {"POS", "IMP"},
}
_PERSON = {"first": "1", "second": "2", "third": "3"}
_NUMBER = {"singular": "SG", "plural": "PL"}
def _feat_set(tag):
return set(tag.split(";"))
# ── verbs from UniMorph ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _build_verbs():
verbs = {}
part = {} # lemma -> {("m","SG"):form, ("f","SG"):..., ("m","PL"):..., ("f","PL"):...}
ger = {}
with open(_UNIMORPH, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
for line in fh:
line = line.rstrip("\n")
if not line or "\t" not in line:
continue
parts = line.split("\t")
if len(parts) != 3:
continue
lemma, form, tag = parts
f = _feat_set(tag)
head = tag.split(";")[0]
if head == "V.PTCP":
if "PST" in f:
g = "f" if "FEM" in f else "m"
n = "PL" if "PL" in f else "SG"
part.setdefault(lemma, {})[(g, n)] = form
continue
if head == "V.CVB":
if "PRS" in f:
ger.setdefault(lemma, form)
continue
if head != "V":
continue
person = next((p for p in ("1", "2", "3") if p in f), None)
number = "SG" if "SG" in f else ("PL" if "PL" in f else None)
if person is None or number is None:
continue
for (mood, tense), req in _VERB_KEYMAP.items():
if not req <= f:
continue
if tense == "imperfect" and "PFV" in f:
continue
if tense == "preterite" and "IPFV" in f:
continue
verbs.setdefault((lemma, f"{mood}|{tense}|{person}|{number}"), form)
break
return verbs, part, ger
# ── kaikki nouns + adjectives ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
_EXCL_FORM_TAGS = {"alternative", "archaic", "obsolete", "dialectal", "regional",
"diminutive", "augmentative", "pejorative", "comparative",
"superlative", "misspelling", "rare", "informal", "literary",
"poetic", "error-unrecognized-form", "Balearic", "Valencian",
"dated", "nonstandard"}
def _kaikki_gender(arg):
if not arg:
return None
a = str(arg).lower()
if a.startswith("f"):
return "f"
if a.startswith("m"):
return "m"
return None
def _build_nouns_adjs():
nouns = {}
adjs = {}
with open(_KAIKKI, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
for line in fh:
try:
d = json.loads(line)
except Exception:
continue
pos = d.get("pos")
word = d.get("word", "")
if not word or " " in word:
continue
forms = d.get("forms", []) or []
if pos == "noun":
ht = d.get("head_templates") or []
g = None
if ht:
g = _kaikki_gender((ht[0].get("args") or {}).get("1"))
if g is None:
tags = d.get("tags") or []
if "feminine" in tags:
g = "f"
elif "masculine" in tags:
g = "m"
pl = None
for x in forms:
t = set(x.get("tags") or [])
if "plural" in t and not (t & _EXCL_FORM_TAGS):
fm = x.get("form")
if fm and " " not in fm and fm not in ("#", "", "-"):
pl = fm
break
if word not in nouns:
nouns[word] = {"g": g, "SG": word, "PL": pl}
else:
cur = nouns[word]
if cur.get("g") is None and g:
cur["g"] = g
if not cur.get("PL") and pl:
cur["PL"] = pl
elif pos == "adj":
d0 = adjs.setdefault(word, {})
d0.setdefault(("m", "SG"), word)
for x in forms:
t = set(x.get("tags") or [])
fm = x.get("form")
if not fm or " " in fm or (t & _EXCL_FORM_TAGS):
continue
if "feminine" in t and "plural" in t:
d0[("f", "PL")] = d0.get(("f", "PL")) or fm
elif "masculine" in t and "plural" in t:
d0[("m", "PL")] = d0.get(("m", "PL")) or fm
elif "feminine" in t:
d0[("f", "SG")] = d0.get(("f", "SG")) or fm
elif "plural" in t:
d0[("m", "PL")] = d0.get(("m", "PL")) or fm
d0[("f", "PL")] = d0.get(("f", "PL")) or fm
return nouns, adjs
def _build_cache():
verbs, part, ger = _build_verbs()
nouns, adjs = _build_nouns_adjs()
with open(_IRREG, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
irreg = json.load(fh)
data = {"verbs": verbs, "part": part, "ger": ger,
"nouns": nouns, "adjs": adjs, "irreg": irreg}
try:
with open(_CACHE, "wb") as fh:
pickle.dump(data, fh, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
except OSError:
pass
return data
def _load():
if os.path.exists(_CACHE):
srcs = [_UNIMORPH, _KAIKKI, _IRREG]
newest = max(os.path.getmtime(s) for s in srcs if os.path.exists(s))
if os.path.getmtime(_CACHE) >= newest:
try:
with open(_CACHE, "rb") as fh:
return pickle.load(fh)
except Exception:
pass
return _build_cache()
_LEX = _load()
_VERBS, _PART, _GER, _NOUNS, _ADJS, _IRREGV = (
_LEX["verbs"], _LEX["part"], _LEX["ger"], _LEX["nouns"], _LEX["adjs"],
_LEX["irreg"])
_PERI = _IRREGV.get("_peri_pret_aux", {})
# ── regular verb rule fallback ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _vclass(lemma):
if lemma.endswith("ar"):
return "ar"
if lemma.endswith("re"):
return "re"
if lemma.endswith("er"):
return "er"
if lemma.endswith("ir"):
return "ir"
return None
# endings [1sg,2sg,3sg,1pl,2pl,3pl] — central Catalan
_REG = {
("ind", "present", "ar"): ["o", "es", "a", "em", "eu", "en"],
("ind", "present", "re"): ["o", "s", "", "em", "eu", "en"],
("ind", "present", "er"): ["o", "s", "", "em", "eu", "en"],
("ind", "present", "ir"): ["o", "es", "", "im", "iu", "en"], # pure -ir (dormir)
("ind", "imperfect", "ar"): ["ava", "aves", "ava", "àvem", "àveu", "aven"],
("ind", "imperfect", "re"): ["ia", "ies", "ia", "íem", "íeu", "ien"],
("ind", "imperfect", "er"): ["ia", "ies", "ia", "íem", "íeu", "ien"],
("ind", "imperfect", "ir"): ["ia", "ies", "ia", "íem", "íeu", "ien"],
("ind", "preterite", "ar"): ["í", "ares", "à", "àrem", "àreu", "aren"],
("ind", "preterite", "re"): ["í", "eres", "é", "érem", "éreu", "eren"],
("ind", "preterite", "er"): ["í", "eres", "é", "érem", "éreu", "eren"],
("ind", "preterite", "ir"): ["í", "ires", "í", "írem", "íreu", "iren"],
("sbjv", "present", "ar"): ["i", "is", "i", "em", "eu", "in"],
("sbjv", "present", "re"): ["i", "is", "i", "em", "eu", "in"],
("sbjv", "present", "er"): ["i", "is", "i", "em", "eu", "in"],
("sbjv", "present", "ir"): ["i", "is", "i", "im", "iu", "in"],
("sbjv", "imperfect", "ar"): ["és", "essis", "és", "éssim", "éssiu", "essin"],
("sbjv", "imperfect", "re"): ["és", "essis", "és", "éssim", "éssiu", "essin"],
("sbjv", "imperfect", "er"): ["és", "essis", "és", "éssim", "éssiu", "essin"],
("sbjv", "imperfect", "ir"): ["ís", "issis", "ís", "íssim", "íssiu", "issin"],
("imp", "affirmative", "ar"): [None, "a", "i", "em", "eu", "in"],
("imp", "affirmative", "re"): [None, "", "i", "em", "eu", "in"],
("imp", "affirmative", "er"): [None, "", "i", "em", "eu", "in"],
("imp", "affirmative", "ir"): [None, "", "i", "im", "iu", "in"],
}
_FUT = ["é", "às", "à", "em", "eu", "an"]
_COND = ["ia", "ies", "ia", "íem", "íeu", "ien"]
def _slot_idx(person, number):
base = {"first": 0, "second": 1, "third": 2}[person]
return base + (0 if number == "singular" else 3)
def _apply_ar_spelling(stem, ending):
"""-car/-gar/-çar/-jar spelling before front (e/i) endings."""
front = ending[:1] in ("e", "i", "é", "í")
if not front:
# ç before back vowel stays; but -çar stem already ends ç
return stem + ending
if stem.endswith("c"):
return stem[:-1] + "qu" + ending
if stem.endswith("g"):
return stem[:-1] + "gu" + ending
if stem.endswith("ç"):
return stem[:-1] + "c" + ending
if stem.endswith("j"):
return stem[:-1] + "g" + ending
if stem.endswith("qu"):
return stem + ending
return stem + ending
def _rule_conjugate(lemma, mood, tense, person, number):
vc = _vclass(lemma)
if vc is None:
return None
body = lemma[:-2]
i = _slot_idx(person, number)
if mood == "ind" and tense in ("future", "conditional"):
# future/cond stem = infinitive (for -re verbs drop final -e)
stem = lemma[:-1] if vc == "re" else lemma
end = (_FUT if tense == "future" else _COND)[i]
return stem + end
table = _REG.get((mood, tense, vc))
if not table:
return None
end = table[i]
if end is None:
return None
if vc == "ar":
return _apply_ar_spelling(body, end)
# -re/-er/-ir: guard double vowel
if body and body[-1:] == end[:1] and end[:1] in "":
return body[:-1] + end
return body + end
# ── PUBLIC: verb conjugation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def conjugate(lemma, mood, tense, person, number):
lemma = lemma.strip().lower()
key = f"{mood}|{tense}|{_PERSON.get(person,'?')}|{number and number[:2].upper()}"
key = f"{mood}|{tense}|{_PERSON.get(person,'?')}|{_NUMBER.get(number,'?')}"
# UniMorph (cleanly accented) takes priority; the kaikki irregulars layer is a
# FALLBACK for verbs/slots UniMorph lacks (anar, fer, and rarer paradigm cells).
p, n = _PERSON.get(person), _NUMBER.get(number)
if p and n:
form = _VERBS.get((lemma, f"{mood}|{tense}|{p}|{n}"))
if form:
return form, "lexicon"
ir = _IRREGV.get(lemma)
if ir and key in ir:
return ir[key], "lexicon"
r = _rule_conjugate(lemma, mood, tense, person, number)
if r is not None:
return r, "rule"
return lemma, "fallback"
def peri_pret_aux(person, number):
"""anar-present auxiliary for the periphrastic preterite (vaig cantar)."""
return _PERI.get(f"{_PERSON.get(person,'3')}|{_NUMBER.get(number,'SG')}", "va")
# ── PUBLIC: participle + gerund ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
def participle(lemma, gender="m", number="singular"):
lemma = lemma.strip().lower()
g = "f" if gender == "f" else "m"
num = "SG" if number == "singular" else "PL"
ir = _IRREGV.get(lemma)
base = None
if ir and "part" in ir:
# prefer explicit irregular agreement form (part_mSG/part_fSG/...)
exact = ir.get("part_" + g + num)
if exact:
return exact, "lexicon"
base = ir["part"]
elif lemma in _PART:
table = _PART[lemma]
if (g, num) in table:
return table[(g, num)], "lexicon"
base = table.get(("m", "SG"))
if base is None:
vc = _vclass(lemma)
if vc == "ar":
base = lemma[:-2] + "at"
elif vc == "ir":
base = lemma[:-2] + "it"
elif vc in ("er", "re"):
base = lemma[:-2] + "ut"
else:
return lemma, "fallback"
conf = "rule"
else:
conf = "lexicon"
# agreement on -t/-ut/-at/-it participles: m.sg base, f.sg +a (-da? no: -ada),
# Catalan: cantat/cantada/cantats/cantades; -t → f -da, pl -ts/-des
if base.endswith("t"):
stem = base[:-1]
forms = {"m|SG": base, "f|SG": stem + "da",
"m|PL": base + "s", "f|PL": stem + "des"}
return forms[f"{g}|{num}"], conf
if base.endswith("s"): # after sibilant participle (rare): pres->presa
stem = base
forms = {"m|SG": base, "f|SG": base + "a",
"m|PL": base + "os", "f|PL": base + "es"}
return forms[f"{g}|{num}"], conf
return base, conf
def gerund(lemma):
lemma = lemma.strip().lower()
ir = _IRREGV.get(lemma)
if ir and "ger" in ir:
return ir["ger"], "lexicon"
if lemma in _GER:
return _GER[lemma], "lexicon"
vc = _vclass(lemma)
if vc == "ar":
return lemma[:-2] + "ant", "rule"
if vc in ("er", "re"):
return lemma[:-2] + "ent", "rule"
if vc == "ir":
return lemma[:-2] + "int", "rule"
return lemma, "fallback"
# ── PUBLIC: noun gender + number ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
_FEM_SUF = ("ció", "sió", "tat", "tud", "esa", "esa", "dat", "ança", "ència",
"ància", "tud", "ícia", "esa", "or") # note -or is mixed; kaikki wins
_MASC_SUF = ("atge", "ment", " isme", "or")
def _gender_heuristic(noun):
for suf in ("ció", "sió", "tat", "tud", "esa", "ança", "ència", "ància",
"ícia", "etat"):
if noun.endswith(suf):
return "f"
if noun.endswith("a") and not noun.endswith("ma"):
return "f"
return "m"
def noun_gender(lemma):
lemma = lemma.strip().lower()
d = _NOUNS.get(lemma)
if d and d.get("g") in ("m", "f"):
return d["g"]
return _gender_heuristic(lemma)
def _rule_plural(noun, gender):
"""Deterministic Catalan pluralization. (form, ok); ok=False FLAGS ambiguity."""
if not noun:
return noun, True
# stressed final vowel with accent → +ns (mà→mans is irregular; but capità→capitans)
if noun[-1:] in ("à", "é", "í", "ó", "ú"):
return noun + "ns", True
if noun.endswith("ça"):
return noun[:-2] + "ces", True # plaça→places
if noun.endswith("ca"):
return noun[:-2] + "ques", True # branca→branques
if noun.endswith("ga"):
return noun[:-2] + "gues", True # amiga→amigues
if noun.endswith("ja"):
return noun[:-2] + "ges", True # pluja→pluges
if noun.endswith("qua"):
return noun[:-3] + "qües", True
if noun.endswith("gua"):
return noun[:-3] + "gües", True
if noun.endswith("a"):
return noun[:-1] + "es", True # casa→cases
# sibilant-final → -os
if noun.endswith(("s", "ç", "x", "ig")) or noun.endswith(("ix", "tx", "tj")):
if noun.endswith("ç"):
return noun[:-1] + "ços", True # braç→braços
return noun + "os", True # peix→peixos, gas→gasos
if noun[-1:] in ("e", "i", "o", "u"):
return noun + "s", True
# consonant-final
return noun + "s", True
def inflect_noun(lemma, number, gender=None):
lemma = lemma.strip().lower()
d = _NOUNS.get(lemma)
if number == "singular":
return (d["SG"] if d and d.get("SG") else lemma), ("lexicon" if d else "rule")
if d and d.get("PL"):
return d["PL"], "lexicon"
g = gender or noun_gender(lemma)
form, ok = _rule_plural(lemma, g)
return form, ("rule" if ok else "fallback")
# ── PUBLIC: adjective agreement ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _fem_of(adj):
"""Regular Catalan feminine: consonant/-o? Catalan masc usually consonant or -e.
default +a with spelling changes; -e→-a for some; but many are invariable."""
a = adj
if a.endswith("a"):
return a
if a.endswith("e"):
return a[:-1] + "a" # ample→? actually 'ample' invariable; kaikki wins
if a.endswith("u"):
return a + "a"
if a.endswith("c"):
return a[:-1] + "ca" # ric→rica
if a.endswith("t"):
return a + "a" # alt→alta
return a + "a"
def inflect_adj(lemma, gender, number):
lemma = lemma.strip().lower()
g = "f" if gender == "f" else "m"
num = "SG" if number == "singular" else "PL"
d = _ADJS.get(lemma)
if d:
form = d.get((g, num))
if form:
return form, "lexicon"
sg = d.get((g, "SG")) or d.get(("m", "SG")) or lemma
if num == "PL":
pl, ok = _rule_plural(sg, g)
return pl, ("rule" if ok else "fallback")
return sg, "lexicon"
# rule fallback
base = lemma if g == "m" else _fem_of(lemma)
if num == "SG":
return base, "rule"
pl, ok = _rule_plural(base, g)
return pl, ("rule" if ok else "fallback")
def lexicon_stats():
return {
"verb_source": "UniMorph Catalan (github.com/unimorph/cat) + kaikki.org "
"irregulars (anar/fer/auxiliaries)",
"noun_adj_source": "kaikki.org Catalan (Wiktionary extract)",
"license": "CC-BY-SA 3.0 (Wiktionary/UniMorph lineage)",
"unimorph_verb_forms": len(_VERBS),
"unimorph_verb_lemmas": len({k[0] for k in _VERBS}),
"irregular_verb_lemmas": len([k for k in _IRREGV if not k.startswith("_")]),
"participle_lemmas": len(_PART),
"gerund_lemmas": len(_GER),
"noun_lemmas": len(_NOUNS),
"adj_lemmas": len(_ADJS),
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(json.dumps(lexicon_stats(), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
tests = [
("cantar", "ind", "present", "first", "singular", "canto"),
("cantar", "ind", "present", "third", "plural", "canten"),
("ser", "ind", "present", "third", "singular", "és"),
("haver", "ind", "present", "first", "singular", "he"),
("anar", "ind", "present", "first", "singular", "vaig"),
("fer", "ind", "present", "third", "singular", "fa"),
("perdre", "ind", "present", "first", "singular", "perdo"),
("dormir", "ind", "present", "third", "plural", "dormen"),
("cantar", "ind", "future", "first", "singular", "cantaré"),
("cantar", "ind", "preterite", "third", "singular", "cantà"),
("tenir", "sbjv", "present", "first", "singular", "tingui"),
]
ok = 0
for lemma, mood, tense, per, num, exp in tests:
got, conf = conjugate(lemma, mood, tense, per, num)
flag = "OK " if got == exp else "XX "
ok += got == exp
print(f" {flag}{lemma:8} {mood}/{tense:11} {per[:3]}.{num[:2]} -> {got:10} ({conf}) exp={exp}")
print(f"verb tests {ok}/{len(tests)}")
print(" peri-pret anar: 1sg=", peri_pret_aux("first", "singular"),
"3pl=", peri_pret_aux("third", "plural"))
print(" gender casa=", noun_gender("casa"), "home=", noun_gender("home"),
"cavall=", noun_gender("cavall"), "cançó=", noun_gender("cançó"))
print(" plural casa->", inflect_noun("casa", "plural"),
"| plaça->", inflect_noun("plaça", "plural"),
"| peix->", inflect_noun("peix", "plural"),
"| braç->", inflect_noun("braç", "plural"),
"| home->", inflect_noun("home", "plural"))
print(" adj: alt/f/sg->", inflect_adj("alt", "f", "singular"),
"| bonic/f/pl->", inflect_adj("bonic", "f", "plural"),
"| vermell/f/sg->", inflect_adj("vermell", "f", "singular"))
print(" part: cantar/f/sg->", participle("cantar", "f", "singular"),
"| veure/f/pl->", participle("veure", "f", "plural"),
"| fer/m/sg->", participle("fer", "m", "singular"))
print(" ger: fer->", gerund("fer"), "| cantar->", gerund("cantar"))