CI runner (Ubuntu 24.04, glibc 2.39) produces binaries that require
GLIBC_2.38+. debian:bookworm-slim ships glibc 2.36 which doesn't have
the GLIBC_2.38 versioned symbols — container crashes immediately with
"version GLIBC_2.38 not found". Switch to ubuntu:24.04 (glibc 2.39)
to match the build environment. Also updates libcurl4/libssl3 package
names to their Ubuntu 24.04 canonical t64 forms.